Biological Control Agents in Agriculture: Assessing Their Potential as Vectors for Human Pathogens

Abstract

Abstract: Biological control agents (BCAs) have become integral components of sustainable agriculture, offering effective pest management while minimizing environmental impacts. Concerns have emerged regarding their potential to serve as vectors for human pathogens, raising questions about the safety of their use in agricultural ecosystems. This paper provides a comprehensive assessment of the potential for BCAs to transmit human pathogens and explores associated risks and mitigation strategies. By synthesizing current knowledge, we highlight the intricate interactions between BCAs, pests, crops, and humans within agricultural systems, elucidating pathways for pathogen transmission. Key factors contributing to the potential risk include environmental persistence, host specificity, crop contamination, and worker exposure. Effective risk assessment requires consideration of pathogen compatibility, exposure pathways, environmental fate, and human health impacts. Mitigation strategies encompass strain selection, integrated pest management, hygiene practices, and regulatory oversight. Addressing these challenges necessitates collaboration among researchers, regulators, and agricultural stakeholders to ensure the safe and sustainable use of BCAs in agriculture. Continued research efforts are crucial for enhancing our understanding of BCAs' role as potential vectors for human pathogens and developing robust strategies to mitigate associated risks while maintaining effective pest management practices.