Developing Biopesticides Using Entomopathogenic Nematodes: Current Trends

Abstract

Introduction: EPNs have emerged as vital biological control agents, with their ability to infect and kill insect hosts through mutualistic bacterial partners. This natural mode of action is particularly beneficial in sustainable agriculture, offering an eco-friendly solution to pest outbreaks. Results: Advances in biotechnology have enhanced the virulence and stability of EPNs, enabling more effective field applications. Novel delivery systems, such as encapsulation and gel formulations, have improved the survival and persistence of EPNs in various environmental conditions. The commercial production of EPNs has scaled up, making these biopesticides more accessible to farmers. Case studies from different regions demonstrate their successful integration into pest management programs, with reduced pest populations and minimal impact on non-target organisms. Conclusion: EPN-based biopesticides offer a powerful tool for sustainable pest control, with significant potential for expansion into various agro-ecosystems. Despite challenges such as environmental variability and regulatory constraints, the future of EPNs in biological control is promising. Continued research into strain improvement, formulation technologies, and synergistic approaches will further enhance their role in global pest management strategies.