Antidiabetic activity of methanolic extract of Polyalthia longifolia seeds ameliorating the oxidative stress induced in diabetic rats

Abstract

Background: Oxidative stress is a disturbance in the equilibrium between free radicals and the body's protective mechanisms. In the present investigation the modulatory effect of a Methanolic Extract of Polyalthia longifolia seed (MEPLS) on oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes in diabetic Sprague Dawley rats.

Methods: The plant seeds were collected, and identified then; Methanolic extract was obtained the Polyalthia longifolia seeds. Diabetes mellitus was induced with a single dose of 65 mg/kg Streptozotocin. The effect of Polyalthia longifolia seeds (50, 100, 200 mg/kg p.o.) was investigated against Streptozotocin induced Diabetic animals. Antioxidant status of biomarkers like Superoxide diamutase (SOD), Catalase, Malondialdehyde (MDA), Total Glutathion (GSH) were estimated in pancreas. Blood glucose level also investigsted.

Results: The study tested the effect of Polyalthia longifolia seed extract on certain biochemical markers in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The outcome showed a decreasing trend in fasting blood glucose in all groups under treatment. Glucose was reduced significantly by Metformin and PLS extract on day 28, with the maximum reduction being in the PLS high-dose group. Metformin and PLS treatment effectively reduced SOD activity, with the PLS medium-dose group showing the highest reduction. Treatment with Metformin and PLS extracts reduced MDA levels, with the PLS medium-dose group showing the greatest reduction (73%). Metformin and PLS extract treatments showed variable effects, with high-dose PLS significantly restoring Catalase activity (+13.23%) compared to the control. GSH activity was significantly lower in the STZ control group compared to normal, with PLS treatment at low and medium doses further decreasing it.

Conclusion: The results showed that MEPLS reduces oxidative stress and enhances the activities of antioxidant enzymes in STZ-diabetic Sprague Dawley rats. As such, MEPLS could be useful in the management of oxidative stress- mediated diabetic complications.