Predator Prey Dynamics and Trophic Cascades in Restored Savannah Ecosystems with Implications for Biodiversity Conservation

Abstract

Keeping the ecological balance and biodiversity in savannah ecosystems is important, and predator/prey relationships and trophic cascades are factors in maintaining that balance. However, ecological connections have been severed and ecological disturbance and habitat loss have made it difficult to restore their ecosystem and conserve wildlife. The species occurrence data is downloaded from the GBIF dataset and in this study, the predator–prey dynamics and mechanisms behind trophic cascades in a restored savannah ecosystem are investigated. The research is conducted through quantitative (ecological) approach in data analysis, species interaction, biodiversity assessment and statistical modelling to assess the presence of predators and the ecosystem biodiversity. Predator species (lions, leopards and spotted hyenas) and prey species (zebras, wildebeest and impala) were studied for the analysis of ecological patterns of interactions. Results showed that there was a positive correlation between predator occurrence and biodiversity values as well as ecosystem stability. The number of species observed in the study areas went up from 18 to 29 species, while the Shannon diversity index went up from 2.31 to 3.12 representing approximately 35% improvement in the biodiversity performance. The findings show that predator mediated trophic cascades are important in regulating herbivores and in the recovery of the vegetation and the ecosystem. The study highlights the need for predator-prey dynamics to be taken into account in restoration and provides crucial data for the conservation of biodiversity and sustainable management of ecosystem.