Thrombolytic, Anticoagulant, and Cytotoxicity Assessment of Rutin-Incorporated Chitosan Nanocomposite: Embryonic Toxicology Evaluation

Abstract

This study investigates the thrombolytic, anticoagulant, embryotoxic, and cytotoxic effects of a Rutin-chitosan nanocomposite using zebrafish embryos as a model. Rutin, a flavonoid with thrombolytic and antioxidant properties, is combined with chitosan, a biocompatible and biodegradable biopolymer that enhances its bioavailability. This synergistic formulation holds promise for cardiovascular health, thrombotic disorder management, and biomedical applications. Chitosan nanoparticles incorporating rutin were synthesized using ionic gelation. Thrombolytic activity was assessed by introducing the nanocomposite to clotted blood drops, while anticoagulant effects were evaluated in treated blood samples. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to 0–200 µg/mL of the nanocomposite, and survival, development, and heart rate were monitored up to 96 hpf. Cytotoxicity was tested using the brine shrimp assay. The Rutin-chitosan nanocomposite effectively prevented clot formation and enhanced clot lysis in a concentration-dependent manner. It exhibited minimal cytotoxicity and embryotoxicity at low concentrations in zebrafish embryos, suggesting its potential for safe medical applications in anticoagulation and antioxidation. The Rutin-chitosan nanocomposite exhibits potent thrombolytic and anticoagulant properties while demonstrating minimal cytotoxicity at lower concentrations. Its biocompatibility and efficacy make it a promising therapeutic option for thromboembolic diseases. Further in vivo and clinical studies are needed to validate its medical applications