Comparative Ecophysiological and Health risk assessment of heavy metal contamination in Rabi and Kharif crops of Kanpur Region

Abstract

Heavy metal contamination in agricultural ecosystems is a growing concern in industrial regions. The present study evaluates seasonal variation (Rabi and Kharif) in heavy metal accumulation, associated ecophysiological responses in crops, and potential human health risks in the Kanpur region of Uttar Pradesh, India. Soil and crop samples were analyzed for cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu). Results indicate higher metal accumulation during the Kharif season, likely due to increased solubility under moist conditions. Risk assessment revealed that Cd and Cr may pose non-carcinogenic health risks. The studies highlight the need for continuous monitoring sustainable soil management strategies and provides information protecting ecosystem health and supporting agricultural production.